Road Safety Professional Level 1 - Saudi Arabia
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Domain 1: Foundations of Road Safety |
| Define road safety by using an approved reference source (e.g., Highway Safety Manual, highway safety plans). |
| Definition of road safety |
| Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| Critiquing road safety definitions |
| Describe evidence-based road safety, including the distinction of nominal vs. substantive safety, by using road safety literature (e.g., ITE Handbook). |
| Nominal vs. substantive safety |
| Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| Critiquing various sources of road safety literature |
| Interpreting and applying source information when applicable |
| Describe the contributing factors of traffic crashes and the impact of collision types and multidisicplinary characteristics on crash severity |
| Sources of road safety information specific to crash causation |
| Collision characteristics (e.g., speed, multimodal crashes) |
| Relationship of severity to collision types |
| Various disciplines involved in road safety |
| Critiquing various sources of road safety literature |
| Considering diverse perspectives of various disciplines in determining crash causation |
| Describe vehicle characteristics and safety features, road users behaviors, ability and errors and their impacts on the selection of safety countermeasures |
| Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| Road user behaviors |
| Road user ability |
| Road user vulnerability and frailty |
| Propensity for road user error |
| Propensity for road user adaptation |
| Vehicle physical and performance characteristics |
| Vehicle safety features (active and passive) |
| Focusing on relevant information from vast available information sources |
| Selecting the most relevant road safety information to the countermeasure under consideration |
| Identify partners in road safety by listing disciplines and agency types that have a role to play in preventing crashes and reducing their severity. |
| Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| Multidisciplinary approach to road safety management |
| Who makes decisions affecting road safety |
| Facilitating collaboration between multidisciplinary stakeholders |
| Identifying organizational cultures of key stakeholders |
| Recognizing different professional responsibilities and perspectives on road safety |
| Describe different approaches to road safety management (e.g., traditional 4E, Haddon’s matrix, safe systems approach, Vision Zero). |
| History of the development of road safety management as well as emerging approaches (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| Zeroing in on required information |
| Describe how to balance safety with other transportation goals (e.g., environment, congestion, mobility) by evaluating safety benefits and costs for comprehensive comparison and decision-making (e.g., benefits and cost analysis). |
| Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
| How safety competes with other priorities |
| Budget priorities |
| Approaches to estimate economic value of collision reduction |
| Approaches to estimate economic value of transportation costs and benefits (e.g., environment, travel time, connectivity) |
| Capital and operating costs of transportation infrastructure |
| Zeroing in on required information |
| Describe the elements of a culture that promotes road safety within an organization or discipline and how to achieve it. |
| Safety culture components |
| Road safety definition |
| Organizational behavior |
| Principles of leadership |
| Clear mission and vision statements |
| Strategic and comprehensive road safety plans |
| Identifying the changes required to promote a safety culture |
| Applying basic leadership principles |
| Promoting organizational change |
| Fostering a spirit of safety |
| Promoting the inclusion of a safety culture in all programs, policies, and project development |
| Discuss developments in policy and technology that will influence future decisions and actions in road safety. |
| Policy development in road safety |
| Trends in technology that impact road safety |
| Synthesizing future trends into policy in road safety |
| Implementing policy |
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Domain 2: Measuring Safety |
| Identify types, applications, and users of safety data, and discuss the challenges, limitations, and ways to mitigate them by using nontraditional safety data. |
| Types of safety data |
| Sources of safety data |
| Typical users of safety data |
| Difference between qualitative and quantitative data |
| Difference between traditional and nontraditional safety data |
| Limitations of different types of safety data |
| Distinguishing qualitative from quantitative safety data |
| Collecting and applying nontraditional safety data |
| Combining and analyzing sources of traditional and nontraditional safety data |
| Discuss how the quality of safety data can lead to more effective programs, projects, and initiatives and investments. |
| Analytical needs of the users of safety data |
| Components of safety data quality (e.g., NHTSA 6-pack) |
| Role of safety data in guiding safety programs, projects, and initiatives and investments |
| Evaluating the quality of safety data |
| Recognizing how data quality can influence outcomes |
| Conducting data-related process reviews |
| Explain how key factors (e.g., speed, volume, time of day) could affect the types, frequency, severity of crashes. |
| Physics of moving objects (i.e., mass and velocity) |
| Relationship between traffic volume and crash frequency (e.g., nonlinear) |
| Relationship between time of day and predominant crash types |
| Relationship between speed and crash severity |
| Assessing the key factors that affect crash frequency and severity at a specific safety concern or location |
| Describe definitions and primary components of quantitative safety analysis (e.g., SPFs and CMFs). |
| Definition of safety performance functions (SPFs) |
| Definition of crash modification factors (CMFs) |
| Describing the components of SPFs and how they are used |
| Describing the development of CMFs and how they are used |
| Describing the differences between SPFs and CMFs |
| Identifying the data needed to use SPFs and CMFs for evaluating safety performance |
| Explaining the difference between predicted and observed crash frequency |
| Describing the pitfalls of nonreliable estimates of CMFs (i.e., countermeasure effectiveness) |
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Domain 3: Human Behavior and Road Safety |
| Identify key characteristics and limitations of human behavior that influence how road users interact with the roadway environment. |
| Human factors for road systems |
| Operation of the visual system |
| Attention, distraction, and information processing capabilities |
| Perception-reaction times |
| Basic elements of the driving task |
| Influence of road design on driver workload |
| User expectation |
| User adaptation |
| Identifying how human characteristics lead to road user error |
| Describe multidisciplinary safety strategies to modify human behavior. |
| Multidisciplinary approaches to addressing road user behavior (e.g., education, enforcement, engineering) |
| Common strategies that address human behavior within each discipline |
| Strategic or comprehensive highway safety plans |
| Key stakeholders within each discipline |
| Human behavior in the safety context |
| Interpreting safety data to identify underlying safety issues |
| Linking identified safety issues to appropriate multidisciplinary strategies |
| Coordinating multiple stakeholders to implement strategies |
| Describe the key characteristics of effective educational strategies (e.g., informational/awareness campaigns) and discuss their benefits and limitations in modifying human behavior. |
| Effective educational strategies |
| Data-driven approach to selecting strategies |
| Population demographics |
| Social norms |
| Pros and cons of venue, media, platform, etc. |
| Identifying a target audience |
| Developing appropriate safety messages |
| Applying marketing techniques |
| Evaluating a communication plan’s effectiveness |
| Evaluating short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes |
| Describe the key characteristics of effective enforcement campaigns and discuss their benefits and limitations in modifying human behavior. |
| Effective enforcement strategies |
| Data-driven approach to selecting strategies |
| Population demographics |
| Statutory/policy influences and limitations |
| Identifying enforcement locations and user groups |
| Crafting effective enforcement campaigns (e.g., scale, scope, timing, duration) |
| Evaluating strategy effectiveness |
| Interpreting data |
| Evaluating methods |
| Describe and give examples of how roadway infrastructure features and elements (e.g., traffic control devices, road alignment, cross section) affect human behavior. |
| Safety literature |
| Human factors for road systems |
| Driver adaptation and road elements (e.g., sight distance, alignment elements, resurfacing, illumination) |
| Driver adaptation to countermeasures (e.g., resurfacing, illumination) |
| Driver (or user) expectation based on roadway elements |
| Predominant crash types for roadway types (e.g., rural vs. urban, freeway vs. local road) |
| Interaction of road design and driver workload |
| Evaluating literature |
| Analyzing safety data to identify contributing factors related to roadway infrastructure |
| Evaluating short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes due to changes to or differences in roadway features and elements |
| Describe how human factors are considered in the process of planning, design, and operations to increase the safety of all road users. |
| Human physical, perceptual, and cognitive limitations |
| Probability and consequences of human error (especially injuries and fatalities) |
| Adaptation of drivers to road design |
| Road planning, design, and operations processes |
| Active transportation user needs and challenges |
| Interpreting human error vs. adaptation |
| Evaluating the impact of roadway features and elements on human behavior |
| Applying road planning design and operations processes |
| Describe how applying positive guidance principles to road elements can be used to affect road user behavior and improve safety performance. |
| Principles of positive guidance for road systems |
| Applications of positive guidance |
| Applying or selecting positive guidance strategies to specific safety concerns |
| Define and apply the driving task model (e.g., workload elements) to the process of identifying contributing factors to road user error. |
| Components of road user cognitive workload (e.g., signs, road alignment, internal and external distractions, other users) |
| Driving task hierarchy |
| Basic driver capabilities and limitations in performing the driving tasks |
| Vehicle, infrastructure, and road user interaction |
| Identifying and analyzing workload elements (e.g., driver attention and information processing ability, vision capability, perception-response time, speed choice) |
| Assessing driver, vehicle, and roadway interactions |
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Domain 4: Solving Safety Problems |
| Identify and describe the steps in a safety management process that uses effective data-driven procedures and methods to reduce fatalities and injuries caused by traffic collisions. |
| Safety management process (e.g., identification of sites with promise, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, cost-benefit analysis, project selection and prioritization, safety effectiveness evaluation) |
| Data sources |
| Different methods of assessing safety performance |
| Diagnostic tools |
| Managing data |
| Analyzing road safety data |
| Interpreting data |
| Identifying multidisciplinary road safety interventions |
| Diagnosing problems |
| Selecting evidence-based appropriate countermeasures |
| Assessing project and program costs |
| Evaluating outcomes |
| Identify and describe a systemwide (countermeasure-oriented) approach. |
| Safety management process (e.g., identification of countermeasures with promise, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, cost-benefit analysis, project selection and prioritization, safety effectiveness evaluation) |
| Data sources |
| Systemic assessment methods |
| Effective multidisciplinary countermeasures |
| Analyzing and interpreting road safety data |
| Identifying system-level crash trends and conducting systemic analysis |
| Selecting appropriate evidence-based countermeasures |
| Assessing project and program costs |
| Conducting an evaluation of effectiveness |
| List reliable sources of multidisciplinary countermeasures to reduce fatalities and serious injuries. |
| Primary safety disciplines |
| Sources of high-quality road safety literature |
| Multidisciplinary countermeasures and their impacts |
| Locating relevant literature |
| Evaluating the quality of literature |
| Applying multidisciplinary countermeasures |
| Describe tools and techniques used to diagnose safety problems and describe their specific advantages and disadvantages. |
| Crash data elements (e.g., crash type, crash severity, time of day) |
| Diagnostic techniques |
| Diagnostic tools |
| Surrogate safety measures |
| Interpreting crash data |
| Conducting safety analysis |
| Articulating safety analysis results and findings |
| Describe multidisciplinary approaches that can be used to evaluate and deploy the most effective solutions. |
| Multidisciplinary approaches |
| Evaluation methods |
| Recognizing appropriate solutions |
| Evaluating solutions |
| Understand collision patterns and crash contributing factors by analyzing safety data |
| Crash type |
| Crash report elements (e.g., location, time of day, weather conditions) |
| Crash contributing factors |
| Analyzing crash data |
| Identifying patterns (collision diagramming) |
| Describe user-specific interventions targeted for different population demographics. |
| Population demographics |
| Types of user-specific interventions |
| Analyzing population-based data |
| Differentiating traits, vulnerabilities, and risks of different user populations |
| Selecting multidisciplinary population-based interventions |
| Identify how countermeasure costs and benefits can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of program and project investments. |
| Techniques to estimate costs and benefits |
| Evaluation processes |
| Program and project investments |
| Assessing investment opportunities |
| Producing a cost-benefit analysis |
| Evaluating outcomes |
| Identify the elements of a countermeasure evaluation by using data to determine its impacts (e.g., positive and negative impacts). |
| Evaluation methods |
| How to measure safety impacts |
| Data sources |
| Identifying and acquiring sources of data |
| Interpreting data |
| Assessing safety impacts |
| Identify techniques for estimating and comparing the safety performance of different project alternatives. |
| Safety performance measures |
| Development of project alternatives |
| Analyzing safety performance of project alternatives |
| Comparing safety performance |
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Domain 5: Implementing Road Safety Programs |
| Describe how strategic safety plans are prepared and used. |
| Basic highway safety strategic plans (e.g., SHSP, HSP, TRCC Strategic Plan, AASHTO, GHSA, Road Safety Action Plans, UN Decade Action for Road Safety) |
| Describing the essential components of a strategic safety plan |
| Listing the key stakeholders who should be involved in creating a safety strategic plan |
| Describing how strategic safety plans influence the use of safety funding and resources |
| Evaluating results of the strategies and overall program, including implementation and monitoring |
| List important elements of successful road safety policies and programs. |
| Past successful and unsuccessful policies and programs (e.g., decrease/increase of speed limits, traffic control, automated enforcement tools, adoption of cable medium barrier) |
| What determines the success of a safety policy/program |
| Common attributes of effective safety policies and programs (e.g., data-driven, multidisciplinary, training, strategic planning, research) |
| Identifying the “cause and effect” link between the problem and the policy/program |
| Determining the practicality of implementation |
| Choosing the appropriate data system(s) on which to build the policy/program (e.g., crash, roadway, driver, vehicle, citation/adjudication, EMS/injury surveillance) |
| Identifying multidisciplinary stakeholders appropriate for the policy/program (e.g., behavioral specialists, engineers, educators, law enforcement, medical personnel) |
| Conducting or applying research to shape the policy/program (e.g., TRB, NHTSA, FHWA, state research programs, IIHS, AAA) |
| Explain the role and value of leaders, safety champions, and coalitions in influencing road safety policies and programs. |
| Various types of leaders, safety champions, and coalitions (e.g., elected officials, advocacy groups, industry professionals, internal organizational) |
| What leaders, safety champions, and coalitions contribute |
| Developing appropriate platforms to support leader, safety champion, and coalition involvement |
| Facilitating collaboration with multidisciplinary multi-agency stakeholders |
| Identify elements of successful communication and outreach strategies for road safety initiatives |
| Basic outreach strategies (e.g., advertising, public meetings, PSAs, safety fairs) |
| Identifying a target audience |
| Choosing strategies appropriate for the audience |
| Developing compelling safety messages |
| Building and fostering relationships |
| Describe how multidisciplinary teams and partnerships can achieve road safety goals. |
| Roles of various disciplines (e.g., engineering, planning, education, enforcement, public health, emergency services) in road safety leadership |
| Existing guides or platforms that facilitate road safety action plans |
| Benefits and strengths of multidisciplinary teams |
| Building and fostering relationships |
| Leveraging resources |
| Applying guides or platforms used to facilitate road safety action plans |
| Describe safety program evaluation and explain how results influence future program delivery. |
| Availability and limitations of program-level data |
| Program (or process) review steps |
| When and how to conduct a program evaluation |
| The product of a program evaluation |
| Different evaluation methods (e.g., process, outcome) |
| Conducting a process or program evaluation |
| Identifying key components for the program evaluation |
| Interpreting program evaluation results to inform changes |
| Updating or adjusting the plan based on evaluation feedback |