
Road Safety Professional Level 1 - Saudi Arabia
Domain 1: Foundations of Road Safety |
Define road safety by using an approved reference source (e.g., Highway Safety Manual, highway safety plans). |
Definition of road safety |
Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
Critiquing road safety definitions |
Describe evidence-based road safety, including the distinction of nominal vs. substantive safety, by using road safety literature (e.g., ITE Handbook). |
Nominal vs. substantive safety |
Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
Critiquing various sources of road safety literature |
Interpreting and applying source information when applicable |
Describe the contributing factors of traffic crashes and the impact of collision types and multidisicplinary characteristics on crash severity |
Sources of road safety information specific to crash causation |
Collision characteristics (e.g., speed, multimodal crashes) |
Relationship of severity to collision types |
Various disciplines involved in road safety |
Critiquing various sources of road safety literature |
Considering diverse perspectives of various disciplines in determining crash causation |
Describe vehicle characteristics and safety features, road users behaviors, ability and errors and their impacts on the selection of safety countermeasures |
Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
Road user behaviors |
Road user ability |
Road user vulnerability and frailty |
Propensity for road user error |
Propensity for road user adaptation |
Vehicle physical and performance characteristics |
Vehicle safety features (active and passive) |
Focusing on relevant information from vast available information sources |
Selecting the most relevant road safety information to the countermeasure under consideration |
Identify partners in road safety by listing disciplines and agency types that have a role to play in preventing crashes and reducing their severity. |
Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
Multidisciplinary approach to road safety management |
Who makes decisions affecting road safety |
Facilitating collaboration between multidisciplinary stakeholders |
Identifying organizational cultures of key stakeholders |
Recognizing different professional responsibilities and perspectives on road safety |
Describe different approaches to road safety management (e.g., traditional 4E, Haddon’s matrix, safe systems approach, Vision Zero). |
History of the development of road safety management as well as emerging approaches (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
Zeroing in on required information |
Describe how to balance safety with other transportation goals (e.g., environment, congestion, mobility) by evaluating safety benefits and costs for comprehensive comparison and decision-making (e.g., benefits and cost analysis). |
Sources of road safety information (e.g., literature, contacts in government and professional organizations, peers) |
How safety competes with other priorities |
Budget priorities |
Approaches to estimate economic value of collision reduction |
Approaches to estimate economic value of transportation costs and benefits (e.g., environment, travel time, connectivity) |
Capital and operating costs of transportation infrastructure |
Zeroing in on required information |
Describe the elements of a culture that promotes road safety within an organization or discipline and how to achieve it. |
Safety culture components |
Road safety definition |
Organizational behavior |
Principles of leadership |
Clear mission and vision statements |
Strategic and comprehensive road safety plans |
Identifying the changes required to promote a safety culture |
Applying basic leadership principles |
Promoting organizational change |
Fostering a spirit of safety |
Promoting the inclusion of a safety culture in all programs, policies, and project development |
Discuss developments in policy and technology that will influence future decisions and actions in road safety. |
Policy development in road safety |
Trends in technology that impact road safety |
Synthesizing future trends into policy in road safety |
Implementing policy |
Domain 2: Measuring Safety |
Identify types, applications, and users of safety data, and discuss the challenges, limitations, and ways to mitigate them by using nontraditional safety data. |
Types of safety data |
Sources of safety data |
Typical users of safety data |
Difference between qualitative and quantitative data |
Difference between traditional and nontraditional safety data |
Limitations of different types of safety data |
Distinguishing qualitative from quantitative safety data |
Collecting and applying nontraditional safety data |
Combining and analyzing sources of traditional and nontraditional safety data |
Discuss how the quality of safety data can lead to more effective programs, projects, and initiatives and investments. |
Analytical needs of the users of safety data |
Components of safety data quality (e.g., NHTSA 6-pack) |
Role of safety data in guiding safety programs, projects, and initiatives and investments |
Evaluating the quality of safety data |
Recognizing how data quality can influence outcomes |
Conducting data-related process reviews |
Explain how key factors (e.g., speed, volume, time of day) could affect the types, frequency, severity of crashes. |
Physics of moving objects (i.e., mass and velocity) |
Relationship between traffic volume and crash frequency (e.g., nonlinear) |
Relationship between time of day and predominant crash types |
Relationship between speed and crash severity |
Assessing the key factors that affect crash frequency and severity at a specific safety concern or location |
Describe definitions and primary components of quantitative safety analysis (e.g., SPFs and CMFs). |
Definition of safety performance functions (SPFs) |
Definition of crash modification factors (CMFs) |
Describing the components of SPFs and how they are used |
Describing the development of CMFs and how they are used |
Describing the differences between SPFs and CMFs |
Identifying the data needed to use SPFs and CMFs for evaluating safety performance |
Explaining the difference between predicted and observed crash frequency |
Describing the pitfalls of nonreliable estimates of CMFs (i.e., countermeasure effectiveness) |
Domain 3: Human Behavior and Road Safety |
Identify key characteristics and limitations of human behavior that influence how road users interact with the roadway environment. |
Human factors for road systems |
Operation of the visual system |
Attention, distraction, and information processing capabilities |
Perception-reaction times |
Basic elements of the driving task |
Influence of road design on driver workload |
User expectation |
User adaptation |
Identifying how human characteristics lead to road user error |
Describe multidisciplinary safety strategies to modify human behavior. |
Multidisciplinary approaches to addressing road user behavior (e.g., education, enforcement, engineering) |
Common strategies that address human behavior within each discipline |
Strategic or comprehensive highway safety plans |
Key stakeholders within each discipline |
Human behavior in the safety context |
Interpreting safety data to identify underlying safety issues |
Linking identified safety issues to appropriate multidisciplinary strategies |
Coordinating multiple stakeholders to implement strategies |
Describe the key characteristics of effective educational strategies (e.g., informational/awareness campaigns) and discuss their benefits and limitations in modifying human behavior. |
Effective educational strategies |
Data-driven approach to selecting strategies |
Population demographics |
Social norms |
Pros and cons of venue, media, platform, etc. |
Identifying a target audience |
Developing appropriate safety messages |
Applying marketing techniques |
Evaluating a communication plan’s effectiveness |
Evaluating short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes |
Describe the key characteristics of effective enforcement campaigns and discuss their benefits and limitations in modifying human behavior. |
Effective enforcement strategies |
Data-driven approach to selecting strategies |
Population demographics |
Statutory/policy influences and limitations |
Identifying enforcement locations and user groups |
Crafting effective enforcement campaigns (e.g., scale, scope, timing, duration) |
Evaluating strategy effectiveness |
Interpreting data |
Evaluating methods |
Describe and give examples of how roadway infrastructure features and elements (e.g., traffic control devices, road alignment, cross section) affect human behavior. |
Safety literature |
Human factors for road systems |
Driver adaptation and road elements (e.g., sight distance, alignment elements, resurfacing, illumination) |
Driver adaptation to countermeasures (e.g., resurfacing, illumination) |
Driver (or user) expectation based on roadway elements |
Predominant crash types for roadway types (e.g., rural vs. urban, freeway vs. local road) |
Interaction of road design and driver workload |
Evaluating literature |
Analyzing safety data to identify contributing factors related to roadway infrastructure |
Evaluating short-, medium-, and long-term outcomes due to changes to or differences in roadway features and elements |
Describe how human factors are considered in the process of planning, design, and operations to increase the safety of all road users. |
Human physical, perceptual, and cognitive limitations |
Probability and consequences of human error (especially injuries and fatalities) |
Adaptation of drivers to road design |
Road planning, design, and operations processes |
Active transportation user needs and challenges |
Interpreting human error vs. adaptation |
Evaluating the impact of roadway features and elements on human behavior |
Applying road planning design and operations processes |
Describe how applying positive guidance principles to road elements can be used to affect road user behavior and improve safety performance. |
Principles of positive guidance for road systems |
Applications of positive guidance |
Applying or selecting positive guidance strategies to specific safety concerns |
Define and apply the driving task model (e.g., workload elements) to the process of identifying contributing factors to road user error. |
Components of road user cognitive workload (e.g., signs, road alignment, internal and external distractions, other users) |
Driving task hierarchy |
Basic driver capabilities and limitations in performing the driving tasks |
Vehicle, infrastructure, and road user interaction |
Identifying and analyzing workload elements (e.g., driver attention and information processing ability, vision capability, perception-response time, speed choice) |
Assessing driver, vehicle, and roadway interactions |
Domain 4: Solving Safety Problems |
Identify and describe the steps in a safety management process that uses effective data-driven procedures and methods to reduce fatalities and injuries caused by traffic collisions. |
Safety management process (e.g., identification of sites with promise, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, cost-benefit analysis, project selection and prioritization, safety effectiveness evaluation) |
Data sources |
Different methods of assessing safety performance |
Diagnostic tools |
Managing data |
Analyzing road safety data |
Interpreting data |
Identifying multidisciplinary road safety interventions |
Diagnosing problems |
Selecting evidence-based appropriate countermeasures |
Assessing project and program costs |
Evaluating outcomes |
Identify and describe a systemwide (countermeasure-oriented) approach. |
Safety management process (e.g., identification of countermeasures with promise, diagnosis, countermeasure selection, cost-benefit analysis, project selection and prioritization, safety effectiveness evaluation) |
Data sources |
Systemic assessment methods |
Effective multidisciplinary countermeasures |
Analyzing and interpreting road safety data |
Identifying system-level crash trends and conducting systemic analysis |
Selecting appropriate evidence-based countermeasures |
Assessing project and program costs |
Conducting an evaluation of effectiveness |
List reliable sources of multidisciplinary countermeasures to reduce fatalities and serious injuries. |
Primary safety disciplines |
Sources of high-quality road safety literature |
Multidisciplinary countermeasures and their impacts |
Locating relevant literature |
Evaluating the quality of literature |
Applying multidisciplinary countermeasures |
Describe tools and techniques used to diagnose safety problems and describe their specific advantages and disadvantages. |
Crash data elements (e.g., crash type, crash severity, time of day) |
Diagnostic techniques |
Diagnostic tools |
Surrogate safety measures |
Interpreting crash data |
Conducting safety analysis |
Articulating safety analysis results and findings |
Describe multidisciplinary approaches that can be used to evaluate and deploy the most effective solutions. |
Multidisciplinary approaches |
Evaluation methods |
Recognizing appropriate solutions |
Evaluating solutions |
Understand collision patterns and crash contributing factors by analyzing safety data |
Crash type |
Crash report elements (e.g., location, time of day, weather conditions) |
Crash contributing factors |
Analyzing crash data |
Identifying patterns (collision diagramming) |
Describe user-specific interventions targeted for different population demographics. |
Population demographics |
Types of user-specific interventions |
Analyzing population-based data |
Differentiating traits, vulnerabilities, and risks of different user populations |
Selecting multidisciplinary population-based interventions |
Identify how countermeasure costs and benefits can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of program and project investments. |
Techniques to estimate costs and benefits |
Evaluation processes |
Program and project investments |
Assessing investment opportunities |
Producing a cost-benefit analysis |
Evaluating outcomes |
Identify the elements of a countermeasure evaluation by using data to determine its impacts (e.g., positive and negative impacts). |
Evaluation methods |
How to measure safety impacts |
Data sources |
Identifying and acquiring sources of data |
Interpreting data |
Assessing safety impacts |
Identify techniques for estimating and comparing the safety performance of different project alternatives. |
Safety performance measures |
Development of project alternatives |
Analyzing safety performance of project alternatives |
Comparing safety performance |
Domain 5: Implementing Road Safety Programs |
Describe how strategic safety plans are prepared and used. |
Basic highway safety strategic plans (e.g., SHSP, HSP, TRCC Strategic Plan, AASHTO, GHSA, Road Safety Action Plans, UN Decade Action for Road Safety) |
Describing the essential components of a strategic safety plan |
Listing the key stakeholders who should be involved in creating a safety strategic plan |
Describing how strategic safety plans influence the use of safety funding and resources |
Evaluating results of the strategies and overall program, including implementation and monitoring |
List important elements of successful road safety policies and programs. |
Past successful and unsuccessful policies and programs (e.g., decrease/increase of speed limits, traffic control, automated enforcement tools, adoption of cable medium barrier) |
What determines the success of a safety policy/program |
Common attributes of effective safety policies and programs (e.g., data-driven, multidisciplinary, training, strategic planning, research) |
Identifying the “cause and effect” link between the problem and the policy/program |
Determining the practicality of implementation |
Choosing the appropriate data system(s) on which to build the policy/program (e.g., crash, roadway, driver, vehicle, citation/adjudication, EMS/injury surveillance) |
Identifying multidisciplinary stakeholders appropriate for the policy/program (e.g., behavioral specialists, engineers, educators, law enforcement, medical personnel) |
Conducting or applying research to shape the policy/program (e.g., TRB, NHTSA, FHWA, state research programs, IIHS, AAA) |
Explain the role and value of leaders, safety champions, and coalitions in influencing road safety policies and programs. |
Various types of leaders, safety champions, and coalitions (e.g., elected officials, advocacy groups, industry professionals, internal organizational) |
What leaders, safety champions, and coalitions contribute |
Developing appropriate platforms to support leader, safety champion, and coalition involvement |
Facilitating collaboration with multidisciplinary multi-agency stakeholders |
Identify elements of successful communication and outreach strategies for road safety initiatives |
Basic outreach strategies (e.g., advertising, public meetings, PSAs, safety fairs) |
Identifying a target audience |
Choosing strategies appropriate for the audience |
Developing compelling safety messages |
Building and fostering relationships |
Describe how multidisciplinary teams and partnerships can achieve road safety goals. |
Roles of various disciplines (e.g., engineering, planning, education, enforcement, public health, emergency services) in road safety leadership |
Existing guides or platforms that facilitate road safety action plans |
Benefits and strengths of multidisciplinary teams |
Building and fostering relationships |
Leveraging resources |
Applying guides or platforms used to facilitate road safety action plans |
Describe safety program evaluation and explain how results influence future program delivery. |
Availability and limitations of program-level data |
Program (or process) review steps |
When and how to conduct a program evaluation |
The product of a program evaluation |
Different evaluation methods (e.g., process, outcome) |
Conducting a process or program evaluation |
Identifying key components for the program evaluation |
Interpreting program evaluation results to inform changes |
Updating or adjusting the plan based on evaluation feedback |